Which statement correctly describes the functions of DNA and RNA? A. DNA uses special enzymes to translate RNA into polypeptides. B. DNA carries the genetic material that is transcribed into RNA before translation. C. RNA is translated into DNA and then turned into a protein by RNA polymerase. D. RNA scans DNA to find anticodons that are bonded together with peptide bonds.

What this question is testing

You are matching each molecule to its job in the central dogma: where genetic information is stored, how it is copied, and how it becomes a protein.

The correct flow of information in cells

In most cells, the information flow is:

$$DNA \xrightarrow{\text{transcription}} RNA \xrightarrow{\text{translation}} polypeptide$$

• DNA: long-term storage of genetic instructions (genes).
• RNA (especially mRNA): a working copy of a gene that can be read by ribosomes.
• Translation: ribosomes read mRNA codons and build a polypeptide.

Why choice B is correct

Choice B states that DNA carries genetic material that is transcribed into RNA before translation, which matches the sequence above.

Why the other choices are wrong

• A: DNA does not translate RNA; ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides.
• C: RNA is not “translated into DNA”; DNA can be made from RNA only in special cases (reverse transcription), and RNA polymerase makes RNA from DNA, not protein.
• D: Anticodons are on tRNA, and peptide bonds form between amino acids in the growing polypeptide, not between anticodons.

Quick memory tip

Think: Transcription makes RNA, translation makes protein.